Wednesday, December 5, 2007

Python|自动安装python库利剑 Easy Install

自动安装python库利剑 ― 三人行服务、品牌电脑销售、系统集成、IT服务外包、软件开发、网络安全、数据恢复、网站建设

2007/11/22

自动安装python库利剑

by adam ― posted at 2007-11-22 08:22 last modified 2007-12-01 04:11

让easy_install构造自己的python小天地

在linux环境中玩、用python，常常需要安装额外的一些python lib
但是这些python库非常难于寻找，而且由于权限的问题，我们一般是无法往系统中/usr/local之类的目录
里面写东西的，而这些额外的lib又非得需要一个site-packages目录来安装
不可，虽然可以指定pure-lib之类的参数，但是很多时候还是会出错，尤其是现在很多python
lib都是使用的setuptools来生成安装包，更是如此要求了，

  1. [gavin@Korea downloads]$ ll /usr/local/python24/lib/python2.4/site-packages/
  2. total 24
  3. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 18 16:05 PIL
  4. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4 Dec 18 16:05 PIL.pth
  5. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 119 Dec 18 14:59 README

这可麻烦了，每个文件都是root的，旁人只能看，
其实这儿有个很好的解决方法：在自己的目录下面,安装一个虚拟的python：
在自己的目录下面建立一些lib、include等等的目录，构成一个独立的python小天地，这样，系统范围内没有的python库，就可以自己动手安装在自己的小天地中
安装，既不需要root权限，又可以满足自己的需求，一举两得。
这些安装步骤，当然不需要我们重新造轮子，下载
http://peak.telecommunity.com/dist/virtual-python.py
这个脚本，使用你喜欢的python（有的环境提供多个python版本，比如DreamHost）
执行一下这个virtual-python.py， 就会自动在~/下面建立所需的目录(~/bin、/lib、
~/include），以及所需python版本，以及创建python所依赖的其他的.h头文件、.py库文件等等软链接，而且会在～/bin/下面copy一个可以执行的python文件，以后直接使用这个~/bin/python来执行py程序，它就会自动找到额外安装在小天地中的那些python库了。如果觉得把bin、lib、include放在~下面不好可以给 virtual-python.py指定一个�prefix参数：

  1. [gavin@Korea bin]$ python24 virtual-python.py --prefix=~/python-lib
  2. [gavin@Korea bin]$ pwd
  3. /home/gavin/python-lib/bin
  4. [gavin@Korea bin]$ ll
  5. total 2360
  6. -rwxrwxr-x 1 gavin gavin 2404367 Dec 18 16:53 python

会把那些bin、lib、include安装在~/python-lib下面，
这下，你就可以使用easy__install来安装自己额外需要的那些库了，
不过等等先，由于此时使用的easy_install是系统范围的，所以它会把东西安装在
/usr/local之类的目录下，所以我们得给我们自己的环境安装一个easy_install。
下载

  1. wget http://peak.telecommunity.com/dist/ez_setup.py
  2. ~/python-lib/bin/python ez_setup.py
  3. Downloading http://cheeseshop.python.org/packages/2.4/s/setuptools/setuptools-0.6c3-py2.4.egg
  4. Processing setuptools-0.6c3-py2.4.egg
  5. creating /home/gavin/python-lib/lib/python2.4/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c3-py2.4.egg
  6. Extracting setuptools-0.6c3-py2.4.egg to
  7. /home/gavin/python-lib/lib/python2.4/site-packages
  8. Adding setuptools 0.6c3 to easy-install.pth file
  9. Installing easy_install script to /home/gavin/python-lib/bin
  10. Installing easy_install-2.4 script to /home/gavin/python-lib/bin

  12. Installed /home/gavin/python-lib/lib/python2.4/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c3-py2.4.egg
  13. Processing dependencies for setuptools==0.6c3
  14. [gavin@Korea downloads]$ ll ~/python-lib/bin/
  15. total 2376
  16. -rwxr-xr-x 1 gavin gavin 298 Dec 18 17:02 easy_install
  17. -rwxr-xr-x 1 gavin gavin 306 Dec 18 17:02 easy_install-2.4
  18. -rwxrwxr-x 1 gavin gavin 2404367 Dec 18 16:53 python

好了，我自己的easy_install已经安装好了，就可以使用它来安装
自己想安装的所有东西了，而且不用担心权限的问题：

  1. [gavin@Korea downloads]$ ll ~/python-lib/lib/python2.4/site-packages/

我好像没有simplejson呢，ok，安装一个，先：

  1. [gavin@Korea downloads]$ ~/python-lib/bin/easy_install simplejson
  2. Searching for simplejson
  3. Reading http://www.python.org/pypi/simplejson/
  4. Reading http://undefined.org/python/#simplejson
  5. Reading http://www.python.org/pypi/simplejson/1.4
  6. Best match: simplejson 1.4
  7. Downloading http://cheeseshop.python.org/packages/2.4/s/simplejson/simplejson-1.4-py2.4.egg#md5=4f18e31fd095cd54e5015e7b7a147093
  8. Processing simplejson-1.4-py2.4.egg
  9. Moving simplejson-1.4-py2.4.egg to
  10. /home/gavin/python-lib/lib/python2.4/site-packages
  11. Adding simplejson 1.4 to easy-install.pth file

  13. Installed /home/gavin/python-lib/lib/python2.4/site-packages/simplejson-1.4-py2.4.egg
  14. Processing dependencies for simplejson
  15. [gavin@Korea downloads]$ ll ~/python-lib/lib/python2.4/site-packages/
  16. total 76
  17. -rw-rw-r-- 1 gavin gavin 241 Dec 18 17:07 easy-install.pth
  18. lrwxrwxrwx 1 gavin gavin 51 Dec 18 16:53 PIL ->
  19. /usr/local/python24/lib/python2.4/site-packages/PIL
  20. lrwxrwxrwx 1 gavin gavin 55 Dec 18 16:53 PIL.pth ->
  21. /usr/local/python24/lib/python2.4/site-packages/PIL.pth
  22. lrwxrwxrwx 1 gavin gavin 54 Dec 18 16:53 README ->
  23. /usr/local/python24/lib/python2.4/site-packages/README
  24. drwxrwxr-x 4 gavin gavin 4096 Dec 18 17:02 setuptools-0.6c3-py2.4.egg
  25. -rw-rw-r-- 1 gavin gavin 29 Dec 18 17:02 setuptools.pth
  26. -rw-rw-r-- 1 gavin gavin 35898 Dec 18 17:07 simplejson-1.4-py2.4.egg
  27. [gavin@Korea downloads]$

非常漂亮

  1. [gavin@Korea downloads]$ ~/python-lib/bin/python
  2. Python 2.4.4 (#1, Dec 18 2006, 14:54:46)
  3. [GCC 3.4.3 20041212 (Red Hat 3.4.3-9.EL4)] on linux2
  4. Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
  5. >>> import simplejson
  6. >>> dir(simplejson)
  7. ['JSONDecoder', 'JSONEncoder', '__all__', '__builtins__', '__doc__',
  8. '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__path__', '__version__',
  9. 'decoder', 'dump', 'dumps', 'encoder', 'load', 'loads', 'read',
  10. 'scanner', 'write']
  11. >>>
另附上easy_install 常用的安装方式：

For basic use of easy_install, you need only supply the filename or URL of a source distribution or .egg file (Python Egg).

Example 1. Install a package by name, searching PyPI for the latest version, and automatically downloading, building, and installing it:

easy_install SQLObject

Example 2. Install or upgrade a package by name and version by finding links on a given "download page":

easy_install -f http://pythonpaste.org/package_index.html SQLObject

Example 3. Download a source distribution from a specified URL, automatically building and installing it:

easy_install http://example.com/path/to/MyPackage-1.2.3.tgz

Example 4. Install an already-downloaded .egg file:

easy_install /my_downloads/OtherPackage-3.2.1-py2.3.egg

Example 5. Upgrade an already-installed package to the latest version listed on PyPI:

easy_install --upgrade PyProtocols

Example 6. Install a source distribution that's already downloaded and extracted in the current directory (New in 0.5a9):

easy_install .

Example 7. (New in 0.6a1) Find a source distribution or Subversion checkout URL for a package, and extract it or check it out to ~/projects/sqlobject (the name will always be in all-lowercase), where it can be examined or edited. (The package will not be installed, but it can easily be installed with easy_install ~/projects/sqlobject. See Editing and Viewing Source Packages below for more info.):

easy_install --editable --build-directory ~/projects SQLObject
详细文档可以参考官方网站：http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/EasyInstall

Posted by Stephen Cheng at 6:41 PM

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